Doctors, degree incentives and impact on research: An overview of professors with doctorates in the Ecuadorian higher education system

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32719/26312816.2022.5.2.8

Keywords:

doctoral degrees, Ecuadorian higher education system, research impact

Abstract

This paper makes a descriptive and explanatory overview of the growth of number of university professors with a doctoral degree in the Ecuadorian Higher Education System, since 2013. It analyzes the legal framework and institutional incentives for the growth in the number of professors with a doctoral degree and includes a general review of the literature that considers their positive impact on the higher education system. This paper makes a general description which includes variables such as tenure, nationality, the doctoral program’s country and university, and the degree obtained. It then puts forward statistical regression models to explain and evaluate the impact of professors with a doctoral degree on research. It concludes that public policy has created a favorable environment, including perverse incentives, to pursue and obtain a doctoral degree and for welcoming professors from several countries. Additionally, it finds a positive correlation between the number of professors with a doctoral degree and the amount of research measured by number of indexed publications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Christian Escobar Jiménez, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador.

Assistant professor at the School of Sociology and Political Science of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador. Doctor in Logic and Philosophy of Science from the University of Santiago de Compostela, a Ph.D. student in Analytical Sociology at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Master's degree in economics from the School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences in Paris. Masters in International Relations and Philosophy. Research interests in analytical philosophy, institutional economics, the economics of education, political science.

References

Ampaw, F., & Jaeger, A. (2012). Completing the Three Sta¬ges of Doctoral Education: An Event History Analysis. Research in Higher Education, 53(6), 640-660. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23257602?seq=1

Becker, G. (1994). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empiri¬cal Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Univer¬sity of Chicago Press. https://bit.ly/3Qiy7lc

Bonilla, L. (2021). Inversión en educación, salarios y condi¬ciones de trabajo de los y las docentes en América Latina. Centro Internacional de Investigaciones Otras Voces en Educación. https://www.otrasvoceseneducacion.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/CII-OVE-Informe-de-Coyuntura-.pdf

Bourdieu, P. (2008). Homo academicus. Siglo XXI. https://bit.ly/39nhNiy

Bourdieu, P. (2012). La distinción: Criterios y bases sociales del gusto. Taurus. https://bit.ly/3QmzHTd

Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2014). El problema de la teoría del capital humano: Una crítica marxista. Revista de Economía Crítica, 18, 220-228. https://bit.ly/3n3SFk9

Bravo, D. (2017). Universidades tienen docentes con PhD, pero son insuficientes. El Comercio. 10 de julio. https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/universidades-docentes-phd-educacion-senescyt.html

Capa, H. (2017). Evaluación institucional de universidades y escuelas politécnicas 2013. CEAACES. https://bit.ly/3xN67Pr

Castillo, J., & Powell, M. (2019). Análisis de la producción científica del Ecuador e impacto de la colaboración internacional en el período 2006-2015. Revista Espa¬ñola de Documentación Científica, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2019.1.1567

Coggburn, J., & Neely, S. (2015). Publish or Perish? Exa¬mining Academic Tenure Standards in Public Affairs and Administration Programs. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 21(2), 199-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2015.12001828

Coleman, J. (1998). Social Capital in the Creation of Hu¬man Capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120. http://www.reut-institute.org/Data/Uploads/PDFVer/Social%20Capital%20Coleman.pdf

Cyranoski, D., Gilbert, N., Ledford, H., Nayar, A., & Yahia, M. (2011). Education: The PhD Factory. Nature, 472(7343), 276-279. https://tinyurl.com/4t44khsv

Escobar-Jiménez, C. (2016). Análisis de la política ecuato¬riana de becas de estudios de posgrado en el exterior y su relación con el cambio de matriz productiva. Mun¬dos Plurales, 3(2), 23-49. https://doi.org/10.17141/mundosplurales.2.2016.2842

Escobar-Jiménez, C. (2017). Políticas de educación su¬perior y cambio de matriz productiva. En S. Cabrera Narváez, C. Cielo, K. Moreno & P. Ospina (eds.), Las reformas universitarias en Ecuador (2009-2016): Extra¬víos, ilusiones y realidades (pp. 331-362). UASB. https://bit.ly/3OQlbSh

Escobar-Jiménez, C., & Delgado, A. (2019). Calidad y cua¬lidad en la educación superior: Una discusión teórica y una aproximación al tema en el sistema de educa¬ción superior ecuatoriano. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 17(2), 159-175. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2019.11740

Escobar-Jiménez, C., & Torres-Rentería, S. (2021). Éxito educativo y condiciones socioeconómicas: Los exá-menes de habilitación para el ejercicio profesional de la medicina en Ecuador. RIES. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior, 12(35), 132-149. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.20072872e.2021.35.1086

Gobierno del Ecuador (2010). Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior, LOES. Registro Oficial 298, Suplemento, 12 de octubre. https://bit.ly/2pgApW4

Gokhberg, L., Shmatko, N., & Auriol, L. (2016). Rethin¬king the Doctoral Degrees in the Changing Labor Mar¬ket Context. En L. Gokhberg, N. Shmatko & L. Auriol (eds.), The Science and Technology Labor Force: The Value of Doctorate Holders and Development of Professional Ca¬reers (pp. 1-7). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27210-8_1

González, S., Brunner, J., & Salmi, J. (2013). Compara¬ción internacional de remuneraciones académicas: Un estudio exploratorio. Revista Calidad en la Educa¬ción, 39, 22-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31619/caledu.n39.77

Gopaul, B. (2015). Inequality and Doctoral Education: Ex¬ploring the “Rules” of Doctoral Study through Bour¬dieu’s Notion of Field. Higher Education, 70, 73-88. https://tinyurl.com/4wxk2k2p

Hess, C., & Ostrom, E. (2016). Los bienes comunes del cono¬cimiento. Traficantes de Sueños. https://bit.ly/39wppz0

Jiménez, M. (2017). Los nuevos estudios de doctorado en España: Avances y retos para su convergencia con Europa. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior, 8(21), 123-137. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-28722017000100123

Kehm, B., & Teichler, U. (2016). Doctoral Education and Labor Market: Policy Questions and Data Needs. En L. Gokhberg, N. Shmatko & L. Auriol (eds.), The Scien¬ce and Technology Labor Force: The Value of Doctorate Holders and Development of Professional Careers (pp. 11-29). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27210-8_2

Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2014). Macroeconomía. Reverté. https://bit.ly/3xP9h5k

Mägi, E., & Beerkens, M. (2016). Linking Research and Teaching: Are Research-Active Staff Members Diffe¬rent Teachers? Higher Education, 72, 241-258. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24756980

Mas, O. (2011). El profesor universitario: Sus competen¬cias y formación. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 15(3), 195-211. https://bit.ly/3b0ZNLd

McCaffrey, R., Nelles, W., & Byrne, D. (1989). Criteria for Tenure and Promotion in Doctoral Degree Programs in Psychology: Perceptions of Department Chairs and Heads. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27(1), 77-80. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/BF03329904.pdf

Mertens, A., & Röbken, H. (2013). Does a Doctoral Degree Pay Off?: An Empirical Analysis of Rates of Return of German Doctorate Holders. Higher Education, 66, 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9600-x

Merton, R. (1968). The Matthew Effect in Science: The Reward and Communication Systems of Science Are Considered. Science, 159(3810), 56-63. https://bit.ly/3xNo14r

Merton, R. (1985). La sociología de la ciencia 2. Alianza Editorial. https://bit.ly/3MO3P6M

Moreno, M. (2020). Tres niveles de análisis sobre la movi¬lidad académica de argentinos hacia Estados Unidos. Estudios Sociológicos de El Colegio de México, 38(3), 497-532. https://doi.org/10.24201/es.2020v38n113.1786

Páez, J. (2010). La investigación universitaria y la forma¬ción del profesorado latinoamericano. Aposta. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 47, 1-38. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4959/Resumenes/Abstract_495950243004_2.pdf

Partha, D., & David, P. A. (1994). Toward a New Eco¬nomics of Science. Research Policy, 23(5), 487–521. ht¬tps://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1

Pedersen, H. (2016). Are PhDs Winners or Losers? Wage Premiums for Doctoral Degrees in Private Sector Em¬ployment. Higher Education, 71, 269-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9901-y

Ramírez, R. (2010). Introducción. En R. Ramírez (coord.), Transformar la universidad para transformar la sociedad (pp. 7-25). Senplades. https://bit.ly/3xulriq

Ramírez, R. (2014). La virtud de los comunes: De los paraísos fiscales al paraíso de los conocimientos abiertos. Abya-Yala. https://archive.org/details/005LaVirtudDeLosComunes/page/n1/mode/2up

Santos, J., Horta, H. & Heitor, M. (2016). Too Many PhDs? An Invalid Argument for Countries Developing Their Scientific and Academic Systems: The Case of Portugal. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 113(B), 352-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.013

Soto, D. (2009). Los doctorados en Colombia: Un camino hacia la transformación universitaria. Rhela. Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, 12, 152-195. https://bit.ly/3OcObD5

Stephan, P. (1996). The Economics of Science. Journal of Economic Literature, 34(3), 1199-1235. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2729500

Stephan, P. (2012). Perverse Incentives. Nature, 484, 29-31. https://www.nature.com/articles/484029a

Stephan, P., Gurmu, S., Sumell. A., & Black, G. (2007). Who’s Patenting in the University? Evidence from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Economics of Inno¬vation and New Technology, 16(2), 71-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590600982806

Taylor, M. (2011). Reform the PhD System or Close it Down. Nature, 472, 261. https://www.nature.com/articles/472261a

Van Hoof, H. (2015). Ecuador’s Efforts to Raise Its Re¬search Profile: The Prometeo Program Case Study. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 14(1), 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192714543664

Vessuri, H. (1997). Investigación y desarrollo en la univer¬sidad latinoamericana. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 59(3), 131-160. https://repositorio.esocite.la/167/1/1997_rev_mex_socio.pdf

Wainerman, C., & Matovich, I. (2016). El desempeño en el nivel doctoral de educación en cifras: Ausencia de información y sugerencias para su producción. Educa¬tion Policy Analysis Archives/Archivos Analíticos de Polí¬ticas Educativas, 24, 1-19. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2750/275043450110.pdf

Published

2022-08-01

How to Cite

Escobar Jiménez, C. (2022). Doctors, degree incentives and impact on research: An overview of professors with doctorates in the Ecuadorian higher education system. Andean Journal of Education, 5(2), 000528. https://doi.org/10.32719/26312816.2022.5.2.8
Métricas alternativas