Competencia motriz en educación física: Interacción entre condición física, habilidades motrices y coordinación

Contenido principal del artículo

José María Ballesteros-García
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-2332
Alicia M. Alonso-Martínez
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-696X

Resumen

La educación física desempeña un papel esencial en la formación integral del alumnado. El desarrollo de la competencia motriz y la interacción entre sus componentes potencian la condición física y favorecen el crecimiento cognitivo, social y emocional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre tres componentes de la competencia —condición física, habilidades motrices básicas y coordinación dinámica general— en escolares de educación primaria, así como su incidencia en su desarrollo holístico. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante el curso 2021-2022 con 48 participantes españoles de 9,75 (± 0,39) años de media. Los hallazgos evidencian la estrecha relación entre los distintos componentes de la competencia motriz y refuerzan la necesidad de diseñar e implementar programas motrices integrales en educación física que promuevan el desarrollo coordinado de la condición física, las habilidades motrices básicas y la coordinación dinámica general, para contribuir a una formación más completa y equilibrada del alumnado en el ámbito escolar.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.noStats##

Detalles del artículo

Sección

Investigaciones

Cómo citar

Ballesteros-García, J. M., & Alonso-Martínez, A. M. (2026). Competencia motriz en educación física: Interacción entre condición física, habilidades motrices y coordinación. Revista Andina De Educación, 9(1), 5728. https://doi.org/10.32719/26312816.5728

Referencias

Abrams, T. C., Terlizzi, B., De Meester, A., Sacko, R., Irwin, J. M., Luz, C., Rodrigues, L., Cordovil, R., Lopes, V., Schneider, K., & Stodden, D. (2023). Potential Relevance of a Motor Skill "Proficiency Barrier" on Health-Related Fitness in Youth. European Journal of Sport Science, 23(8), 1771-1778. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2153300

Alarcon, D., & Padilla, V. (2017). Uso del test KTK como instrumento de evaluacion de la coordinacion motora gruesa entre los 6 y 11 anos de edad en hombres y mujeres. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica, 18(1), 43-52. https://tinyurl.com/4fsnb8d3

Alonso Aubin, D., Moya, I., Martinez, I., & Chulvi, I. (2025). An Integrative Neuromuscular Training Program in Physical Education Classes Improves Strength and Speed Performance. Healthcare, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13121372

Alonso Martinez, A., Legarra, G., Garcia, Y., Ramirez, R., Alonso, L., Erice, B., & Izquierdo, M. (2023). Gamified Family-Based Health Exercise Intervention to Improve Adherence to 24-h Movement Behaviors Recommendations in Children: "3, 2, 1 Move on Study". Trials, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07494-8

Alvaro, L., & Hamodi, C. (2021). Genero y educacion: Escuela, educacion no formal, familia y medios de comunicacion. Dykinson. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv282jg59

Armero, P., Cuaspa, H., & Guerrero, S. (2023). Test de coordinacion motriz aplicados al area de educacion fisica: Una revision sistematica de literatura. Mentor, 2(5), 332-366. https://doi.org/10.56200/mried.v2i5.5886

Barnett, L., Morgan, P., Van Beurden, E., & Beard, J. (2008). Perceived Sports Competence Mediates the Relationship between Childhood Motor Skill Proficiency and Adolescent Physical Activity and Fitness: A Longitudinal Assessment. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-40

Basarir, B., Canli, U., Sendil, A., Alexe, C., Tomozei, R., Alexe, D., & Burchel, L. (2025). Effects of Coordination-Based Training on Preschool Children's Physical Fitness, Motor Competence and Inhibition Control. BMC Pediatrics, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05897-x

Bennasar, M., Romero, O., & Duran, A. (2024). Importancia de la coordinacion motriz para el desarrollo de capacidades fisicas en estudiantes de primaria. Revista Multi-Ensayos, 10(19), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.5377/multiensayos.v10i19.17562

Bernate, J. (2021). Educacion fisica y su contribucion al desarrollo integral de la motricidad. Podium, 16(2), 643-661. https://tinyurl.com/mwxhcfwn

Burton, A., Cowburn, I., Thompson, F., Eisenmann, J., Nicholson, B., & Till, K. (2023). Associations between Motor Competence and Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Psychosocial Characteristics in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 53(11), 2191-2256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01886-1

Cabeza, R., Sanchez, A., Trigo, M., & Gomez, P. (2020). Feasibility and Reliability of the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity Health-Related Fitness Test Battery in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64(8), 612-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12756

Carcamo, J., Estevan, I., & Herrmann, C. (2020). Association between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in School Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103408

Carcamo, J., Pena, S., & Cumilef, P. (2022). Validez de contenido de la bateria MOBAK para la evaluacion del eje curricular de habilidades motrices en educacion fisica. Estudios Pedagogicos (Valdivia), 48(1), 309-322. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052022000100309

Cenizo, J., Ravelo, J., Morilla, S., Ramirez, J., & Fernandez, J. (2016). Diseno y validacion de instrumento para evaluar coordinacion motriz en primaria. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte, 16(62), 203-219. https://tinyurl.com/4ezjr48a

Chen, J., Song, W., Zhao, X., Lou, H., & Luo, D. (2023). The Relationship between Fundamental Motor Skills and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1270888

Chicaiza, D., Bayas, R., Perez, I., & Garcia, M. (2025). Educacion fisica en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina y gruesa. Esprint Investigacion, 4, 185-195. https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v4i1.104

Dapp, L., Gashaj, V., & Roebers, C. (2021). Physical Activity and Motor Skills in Children: A Differentiated Approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101916

Den Uil, A., Janssen, M., Busch, V., Kat, I., & Scholte, R. (2023). The Relationships between Children's Motor Competence, Physical Activity, Perceived Motor Competence, Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Relation to Age. PLOS One, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278438

Den Uil, A., Busch, V., Janssen, M., & Scholte, R. (2025). Unraveling the Dynamics Between Motor Skill Competence, Physical Activity, Perceived Motor Competence, Health-Related Fitness, and Weight Status in Children: A Spiral of (Dis)Engagement? Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 13(2): 366-388. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2024-0047

Donnelly, F., Mueller, S., & Gallahue, D. (2021). Developmental Physical Education for All Children: Theory Into Practice. Human Kinetics Library. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781718210400

Field, S., Foley, J., Naylor, P., & Temple, V. (2024). Perceptions Matter! Active Physical Recreation Participation of Children with High and Low Actual and Perceived Physical Competence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091129

Fort, A., Roman, B., & Font, R. (2017). Porque es importante desarrollar la competencia motriz en la infancia y la adolescencia? Base para un estilo de vida saludable. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 52(195), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2016.11.001

Gao, Z., Wen, X., Fu, Y., Lee, J., & Zeng, N. (2021). Motor Skill Competence Matters in Promoting Physical Activity and Health. BioMed Research International, 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9786368

Garcia Hermoso, A., Alonso, A., Ramirez, R., Perez, M., Ramirez, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2020). Association of Physical Education with Improvement of Health-Related Physical Fitness Outcomes and Fundamental Motor Skills Among Youths. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(6). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0223

Garcia Hermoso, A., Sanchez, M., & Martinez, V. (2015). Effects of Aerobic Plus Resistance Exercise on Body Composition Related Variables in Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pediatrics Exercise Science, 27(4), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2014-0132

Garcia Ordonez, E., & Pampin, N. (2022). Relacion entre condicion y nivel de actividad fisica en escolares gallegos. Retos, 45, 282-289. https://tinyurl.com/32stn44d

Gaspar, A., & Alguacil, M. (2022). Influencia de la actividad fisico-deportiva en el rendimiento academico, la autoestima y el autoconcepto de las adolescentes: El caso de la isla de Tenerife. Retos, 46, 120-128. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93496

Gomez Paniagua, S., Garcia, M., Galan, C., & Rojo, J. (2024). Mental Health and Physical Fitness during Adolescence in a Region of Southeastern Spain. Psychiatry International, 5(3), 492-502. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint5030035

Gomez Rijo, A., Fernandez, J., Hernandez, J., Sosa, G., & Pacheco, J. (2021). (Re)pensar la competencia motriz. Retos, 40, 375-384. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.82959

Gonzalez, F., Sarmento, H., Castillo, A., Silva, R., & Clemente, F. (2021). Effects of a 10-Week Combined Coordination and Agility Training Program on Young Male Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910125

Gorla, J., De Araujo, P., & Rodrigues, J. (2010). Avaliacao motora em educacao fisica: Teste KTK. Phorte Editora. https://tinyurl.com/4m2zrsuu

Hellin, P., Moreno, J., & Rodriguez, P. (2006). Relacion de la competencia motriz percibida con la practica fisico-deportiva. Revista de Psicologia del Deporte, 15(2), 219-231. https://tinyurl.com/49ncwj36

Heras, C., Perez, A., Hortiguela, D., & Casado, O. (2019). La encrucijada de la educacion fisica actual: Calidad y/o cantidad? Ejemplo de aumento de horas lectivas a traves de un proyecto deportivo de centro. Espiral. Cuadernos del Profesorado, 12(25), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.25115/ecp.v12i25.2402

Herrmann, C., Heim, C., & Seelig, H. (2019). Construct and Correlates of Basic Motor Competencies in Primary School-Aged Children. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2017.04.002

Herrmann, C., & Seelig, H. (2017). Basic Motor Competencies of Fifth Graders: Construct Validity of the MOBAK-5 Test Instrument and Determinants. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 47(2), 110-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-016-0430-3

Honer, O., Leyhr, D., & Kelava, A. (2017). The Influence of Speed Abilities and Technical Skills in Early Adolescence on Adult Success in Soccer: A Long-Term Prospective Analysis using ANOVA and SEM Approaches. PLOS One, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182211

Iivonen, S., Saakslahti, A., & Laukkanen, A. (2015). A Review of Studies using the Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder (KTK). European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 8, 18-36. https://tinyurl.com/4prfeb4j

Ilic, T., Stojanovic, S., Rancic, D., Jorgic, B., Cristian, R., Iordan, D., Mircea, C., Leonard, S., & Onu, I. (2024). Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Academic Performance in Adolescents from Serbia. Children, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/children11101198

Khodaverdi, Z., Bahram, A., Stodden, D., & Kazemnejad, A. (2016). The Relationship between Actual Motor Competence and Physical Activity in Children: Mediating Roles of Perceived Motor Competence and Health-Related Physical Fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(16), 1523-1529. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1122202

Kiphard, E., & Schilling, V. (1974). Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder (KTK). Beltz. https://tinyurl.com/2yy4h3mu

Legarra, G., Garcia, Y., Ramirez, R., Erice, B., Izquierdo, M., & Alonso, A. (2023). Associations between Basic Motor Competencies and Physical Fitness in Spanish Pre-Schoolers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-023-01504-w

Lima, R., Pfeiffer, K., Larsen, L., Bugge, A., Moller, N., Anderson, L., & Stodden, D. (2017). Physical Activity and Motor Competence Present a Positive Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship across Childhood and Early Adolescence. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 14(6), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0473

Liu, C., Cao, Y., Zhang, Z., Gao, R., & Qu, G. (2023). Correlation of Fundamental Movement Skills with Health-Related Fitness Elements in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129258

Lyu, S., & Zhang, W. (2025). Opening the Window to the Children's Mind: The Superior Efficacy of Open-Ended Physical Games in the Development of Attention and Socio-Emotional Skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1511559

Martins, C., Valentini, N., Saakslahti, A., Africa, E., Webster, E., Nobre, G., Robinson, L., Duncan, M., Tortella, P., Bandeira, P., & Barnett, L. (2024). Motor Competence as Key to Support Healthy Development of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children: An Expert Statement on Behalf of the International Motor Development Research Consortium. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 12(3), 437-454. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2023-0055

Mo, W., Saibon, J., Li, Y., Li, J., & He, Y. (2024). Effects of Game-Based Physical Education Program on Enjoyment in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Public Health, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18043-6

Moradi, A., & Esmaeilzadeh, S. (2015). Association between Reaction Time, Speed and Agility in Schoolboys. Sport Sciences for Health, 11(3), 251-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-015-0230-4

Moreno Gonzalez, L., Manzano, S., Felipe, J., Alonso, A., Gallardo, L., & Garcia, J. (2024). Predictive Approach of Health Indicators from the Physical Activity Habits of Active Youth. Scientific Reports, 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62697-6

Muller, C., Candia, P., Casas, F., & Carcamo, J. (2022). La competencia motriz real y percibida en contexto de ruralidad segun el sexo y la participacion deportiva extraescolar. Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.482421

Musalek, C., & Kirchengast, S. (2017). Grip Strength as an Indicator of Health-Related Quality of Life in Old Age: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121447

Navas, A., & Castro, E. (2023). Juegos de desarrollo motor en las nociones espaciales en escolares de educacion inicial. Polo del Conocimiento, 8(9), 1115-1135. https://tinyurl.com/yeyz6pn

Negro, D., Cuervo, N., Ramirez, D., Rodriguez, L., Sanchez, A., & Serrano, M. (2020). Evaluacion de la fuerza muscular en ninos: Una revision de la literatura. Archivos de Medicina (Col), 20(2), 449-460. https://tinyurl.com/58s5b4se

Niemisto, D., Finni, T., Cantell, M., Korhonen, E., & Saakslahti, A. (2020). Individual, Family, and Environmental Correlates of Motor Competence in Young Children: Regression Model Analysis of Data Obtained from Two Motor Tests. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072548

O'Brien, W., Belton, S., & Issartel, J. (2016). Fundamental Movement Skill Proficiency amongst Adolescent Youth. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 21, 557-571. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1017451

O'Keeffe, B., Donnelly, A., & MacDonncha, C. (2020). Test-Retest Reliability of Student-Administered Health-Related Fitness Tests in School Settings. Pediatric Exercise Science, 32(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2019-0166

OMS (2024). New WHO Report Highlights Progress and Challenges in Improving Physical Activity Levels across the European Union. World Health Organization. 7 de noviembre. https://tinyurl.com/y68j85e4

Onate, C., Aranela, S., Navarrete, C., & Sepulveda, C. (2021). Asociacion del enfoque en competencia motora y habilidades motrices, con la mantencion de la adherencia a la actividad fisica en adolescentes: Una revision de alcance. Retos, 42, 735-743. https://tinyurl.com/ye2ayaas

Orangi, B., Ghorbanzadeh, B., & Basereh, A. (2025). A New Idea in Skill Acquisition of Children: Coordinating Motor Competence with Motor Learning Strategies. BMC Pediatrics, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-06019-3

Quintriqueo, J., Menares, D., Aguilar, N., Salvo, S., & Carcamo, J. (2022). Differences in Motor Competence of Chilean Schoolchildren According to Biological and Sociocultural Correlates. Children, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101482

Raudsepp, L., & Pall, P. (2006). The Relationship between Fundamental Motor Skills and Outside-School Physical Activity of Elementary School Children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 18(4), 426-435. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.18.4.426

Reis, L., Reuter, C., Burns, R., Martins, C., Mota, J., Araujo, A., De Castro, J., & Reis, A. (2024). Effects of a Physical Education Intervention on Children's Physical Activity and Fitness: The PROFIT Pilot Study. BMC Pediatrics, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04544-1

Retzepis, N., Avloniti, A., Kokkotis, C., Stampoulis, T., Balampanos, D., Gkachtsou, A., Aggelakis, P., Kelaraki, D., Protopapa, M., Pantazis, D., Emmanouilidou, M., Zaras, N., Draganidis, D., Smilios, I., Kambas, A., Fatouros, I. G., Michalopoulou, M., & Chatzinikolaou, A. (2025). The Effect of Peak Height Velocity on Strength and Power Development of Young Athletes: A Scoping Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020168

Robinson, L., Stodden, D., Barnett, L., Lopes, V., Logan, S., Rodrigues, L., & D'Hondt, E. (2015). Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273-1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6

Ruiz, J., Espana, V., Castro, J., Artero, E., Ortega, F., Cuenca, M., Jimenez, D., Chillon, P., Girela, M., Mora, J., Gutierrez, A., Suni, J., Sjostrom, M., & Castillo, M. (2011). Bateria ALPHA-Fitness: Test de campo para la evaluacion de la condicion fisica relacionada con la salud en ninos y adolescentes. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 26(6), 1210-1214. https://tinyurl.com/2p763bkx

Ruiz Perez, L. (2014). De que hablamos cuando hablamos de competencia motriz. Accionmotriz, 12, 37-44. https://tinyurl.com/354yknx2

Sanchez, J., Jimenez, J., Fernandez, F., & Sanchez, M. (2013). Prevalencia de obesidad infantil y juvenil en Espana en 2012. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia, 66(5), 371-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2012.10.016

Santayana, M., Nobre, G., & Valentini, N. (2023). Effect of a Motor Skill-Based Intervention in the Relationship of Individual and Contextual Factors in Children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder from Low-Income Families. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102406

Scheiber, B., Mildner, S., & Federolf, P. (2025). Parental and Educator Perceptions of Implementing Standardized Screenings for Early Detection of Motor Skills in Preschoolers: A Representative Survey. Child: Care, Health and Development, 51(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.70124

Shalom, A., Gottlieb, R., Alcaraz, P., & Calleja, J. (2024). Unique Specific Jumping Test for Measuring Explosive Power in Young Basketball Players: Differences by Gender, Age, and Playing Positions. Sports, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12050118

Si, H., Zhang, Y., Zhao, P., Li, N., Zhou, W., Yuan, Y., He, P., & Wang, C. (2025). Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Frailty in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2025.105880

Sigmundsson, H., Newell, K., Polman, R., & Haga, M. (2021). Exploration of the Specificity of Motor Skills Hypothesis in 7-8 Year Old Primary School Children: Exploring the Relationship between 12 Different Motor Skills from Two Different Motor Competence Test Batteries. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631175

Steckenleiter, C. (2025). Effects of Physical Activity on Cognition in Children and Adolescents: From Core Concepts to Findings and Implementation in Practise. Sports Economics Review, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serev.2025.100048

Tajari, S., Gholami, S., Rostami, R., Trabelsi, K., & Taheri, M. (2023). The Effect of Perceptual-Motor Exercise on Temporal Dynamics of Cognitive Inhibition Control in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100495

Taunton Miedema, S., Mulvey, K., & Brian, A. (2023). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2021.1976374

Tejero, C., Martinez, D., Bayon, J., Izquierdo, R., Castro, J., & Veiga, O. (2013). Reliability of the ALPHA Health-Related Fitness Test Battery in Adolescents with Down Syndrome. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(11). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828bed4e

Torralba, M., Vieira, M., Lleixa, T., & Gorla, J. (2016). Evaluacion de la coordinacion motora en educacion primaria de Barcelona y provincia. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte, 62(2016), 355-371. https://tinyurl.com/2fn958xj

Valle, V., Mendoza, M., & Villa, E. (2025). Physical Literacy as a Pedagogical Model in Physical Education. Children, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081008

Walti, M., Schole, L., Gerlach, E., Sallen, J., Scheuer, C., Puhse, U., & Herrmann, C. (2025). Basic Motor Competencies and the Amount of Physical Education in European Primary School Children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 43(16), 1595-1605. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2025.2514926

Weedon, B., Esser, P., Collett, J., Izadi, H., Joshi, S., Meaney, A., Delextrat, A., Kemp, S., & Dawes, H. (2024). The Relationship between Motor Competence Physical Activity Cardiorespiratory Fitness and BMI in UK Adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 95(2), 482-488. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2023.2265442

Zhang, D., Chen, S., Xin, F., Drenowatz, C., Hu, X., & Tang, Y. (2024). Associations between Fundamental Movement Skills and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity in Chinese Children: The Mediating Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness. PeerJ, 12. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17564