Educating in Crises: Study of Teachers’ Practices to Implement the Emergency Curriculums Resumen

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32719/26312816.2021.4.2.2

Keywords:

Adaptative practices, Curriculum, Street-level bureaucrat, Discretion, Implementation

Abstract

This article analyzes how six public school teachers implement Ecuador’s emergency curriculums. The study employs a theoretical perspective that portrays teachers as Street-level Bureaucrats. They exercise discretion, a key component to understand a policy’s implementation. A multiple case study was conducted with six school teachers from the Coast Region. Interviews, surveys and non-participant observations in WhatsApp groups were used as data collection techniques. Findings reveal that teachers receive a constant pressure to avoid students’ dropouts. This motivates teachers to adapt their educational practices. Two criteria that teachers use to adapt their practices are: a) characterizations of students and parents; and b) their professional preferences. Six adaptative practices were identified, which respond to the aforementioned conditions of work.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Jose Daniel Merchan Naranjo, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Quito, Ecuador.

Master degree in Public Policies, FLACSO Ecuador. Degree in Political Science and International Relations with a major in Social Management, Universidad Casa Grande.

References

Acuerdo No. 020-12 de 2012 [Ministerio de Educación]. Por el cual se expide el Estatuto orgánico de gestión organizacional por procesos del Ministerio de Educación. 25 de enero de 2012.

Akker, J. (2007). Curriculum Design Research. En T. Plomp y N. Nieveen (Eds.), An Introduction to Educational Design Research (pp. 37-52). Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development.

Capano, G., Howlett, M., Jarvis, D., Ramesh, M., & Goyal, N. (2020). Mobilizing Policy (In)Capacity to Fight COVID-19: Understanding Variations in State Responses. Policy and Society, 39(3), 285-308. doi:10.1080/14494035.2020.178628

CEPAL & UNESCO. (2020). Education in the time of COVID-19. CEPAL y UNESCO.

Cohen, N. (2018). How Culture Affects Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Bending the Rules in the Context of Informal Payments for Health Care: The Israeli Case. American Review of Public Administration, 48(2), 175-187. doi:10.1177/0275074016665919

Constitución de la República del Ecuador [Const.]. Art. 26. 20 de octubre de 2008 (Ecuador).

Darling-Hammond, L. & Hyler, M. (2020). Preparing Educators for the Time of COVID-19… and Beyond. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 457-465. doi:10.1080/02619768.2020.1816961

Harguindéguy, J.B. (2015). Análisis de políticas públicas. Tecnos.

Hohmann, U. (2016). Making policy in the classroom. Research in Comparative & International Education, 11(4), 383-393. doi:10.1177/1745499916679561

Hupe, P. & Hill, M. (2007). Street-Level Bureaucracy and Public Accountability. Public Administration, 85(2), 279-299. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00650.x

Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC). (2018). Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, Encuesta Multipropósito – TIC 2018. INEC.

Kaffenberger. M. (2020). Modeling the Long-Run Learning Impact of the COVID-19 Learning Shock: Actions to (more than) mitigate loss. RISE Insight Series (2020)017. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102326

Lascoumes, P., y Le Galés, P. (2014). Sociología de la acción pública. El Colegio de México.

Ley Orgánica de Educación Intercultural. (2011). Registro Oficial 417 del jueves 31 de marzo de 2011.

Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. Russell Sage.

Luengo, J. & Saura, G. (2013). La performatividad en la educación. La construcción del nuevo docente y el nuevo gestor performativo. REICE, 11(3), 139-159.

Gerring, J. & Seawright, J. (2007). Techniques for Choosing Cases. En J. Gerring (Ed.), Case Study Research. Principles and Practices (pp. 86-150). Cambridge University Press.

Glatthorn, A., Boschee, F., Whitehead, B., & Boschee, B. (2016). Curriculum Leadership. SAGE.

Gofen, A. (2013). Mind the Gap: Dimensions and Influence of Street-Level Divergence. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24, 473-493. doi:10.1093/jopart/mut037

Goldstein, L. (2008). Kindergarten Teachers Making “Street-Level” Education Policy in the Wake of No Child Left Behind. Early Education and Development, 19(3), 448-478. doi:10.1080/10409280802065387

Maynard-Moody, S. & Musheno, M. (2003). Cops, Teachers, Counselors: Stories from the Front Lines of Public Service. University of Michigan Press.

Ministerio de Educación (Mineduc). (2019). Currículo de los Niveles de Educación Obligatoria. Educación General Básica, Subnivel Medio. Ministerio de Educación.

Mineduc. (2020a). Plan Educativo Aprendamos Juntos en Casa. Ministerio de Educación.

Mineduc. (2020b). Currículo compactado para la emergencia. Ministerio de Educación.

Mineduc. (2020c). Currículo priorizado. Ministerio de Educación.

Mineduc. (2020d). Plan de continuidad educativa, permanencia escolar y uso progresivo de las instalaciones educativas. Ministerio de Educación.

Mineduc. (2020e). Plan Educativo Aprendamos Juntos en Casa. Lineamientos Ámbito Pedagógico Curricular. Ministerio de Educación.

Mineduc. (2020f). Lineamientos de Educación Distrito de Guayaquil Zona 8. Subsecretaría de Educación.

Mineduc. (2020g). Proyecto 1 (Costa 2020-2021). Plan Educativo Aprendamos Juntos en Casa. Educación General Básica – Subnivel Media. Mineduc y UNESCO.

ONU. (2020). Policy Brief: Education during Covid-19 and Beyond. ONU.

Ramrathan, L. (2020). School Curriculum in South Africa in the Covid-19 Context: An Opportunity for Education for Relevance. Prospects (2020), 1-10. doi:10.1007/s11125-020-09490-1

Reimers, F. & Schleicher, A. (2020). Un marco para guiar una respuesta educativa a la pandemia del 2020 del COVID-19. OEI.

Roth, A. (2014). Políticas públicas, formulación, implementación y evaluación. Aurora.

Schleicher, A. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on Education. Insights from Education at a Glance 2020. OCDE.

Schnack, H.C. (2016). Testing the Spaces of Discretion: School Personal as Implementers of Minority-Language Policy in China. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 45(1), 43-74.

SENPLADES. (2015). Agenda Zonal. Zona 8 -Guayaquil. 2013-2017. Senplades.

Tarabini, A. (2020). ¿Para qué sirve la escuela? Reflexiones sociológicas en tiempos de pandemia global. RASE, 13(2), 145-155. doi:10.7203/RASE.13.2.17135

Taylor, I. (2007). Discretion and Control in Education. The Teacher as Street-level Bureaucrat. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 35 (4): 555-572. doi:10.1177/1741143207081063

Timberlake, M. (2014). Weighing Costs and Benefits: Teacher Implementation of Access to the General Education Curriculum. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 39(2), 83-99. doi:10.1177/1540796914544547

Thomas, D. (2006). A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237-246. doi:10.1177/1098214005283748

Tummers, L. & Bekkers, V. (2014). Policy Implementation, Street-Level Bureaucracy and the Importance of Discretion. Public Management Review, 16(4), 527-547. doi:10.1080/14719037.2013.84197

UNESCO. (2020). Crisis y Currículo Durante el COVID-19. UNESCO.

Vedung, E. (2015). Autonomy and Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Coping Strategies. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 2, 28643. doi:10.3402/nstep.v1.28643

Wagenaar, H. (2020). Discretion and Street-Level Practice. En T. Evans y P. Hupe (Eds.), Discretion and the Quest of Controlled Freedom (pp. 259-278). Palgrave Macmillan.

Yin, R. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications. SAGE.

Zulu, J.M., Blystad, A., Haaland, M., Michelo, C., Haukanes, H., & Moland, K.M. (2019). Why teach sexuality education in school? Teacher discretion in implementing comprehensive sexuality education in rural Zambia. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18 (116), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12939-019-1023-1

Published

2021-05-24

How to Cite

Merchan Naranjo, J. D. (2021). Educating in Crises: Study of Teachers’ Practices to Implement the Emergency Curriculums Resumen . Andean Journal of Education, 4(2), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.32719/26312816.2021.4.2.2
Métricas alternativas