Perda esperada: painéis dinâmicos para a quantificação do risco de crédito
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32719/25506641.2021.9.7Palavras-chave:
Risco de crédito, gestão quantitativa de riscos, banca, perdida esperadaResumo
A crise financeira mundial iniciada em 2007 foi um divisor de águas na administração de riscos contemporânea, não do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento da gestão de riscos, mas desde a necessidade de se aplicar o desenvolvimento e utilizá-lo oportunamente tanto por parte das instituições financeiras como por parte dos reguladores e do Estado. De acordo
com Dionne (2013), o estudo da administração de riscos se desenvolveu a partir do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial e teve, portanto, mais de 50 anos para evoluir em relação a técnicas quantitativas e científicas. Este artigo propõe o uso de painéis dinâmicos para a quantificação agregada do risco de crédito por meio da utilização da metodologia de Macro Credit Scoring, construindo-se um modelo econométrico para medir o risco de crédito de um sistema bancário em função do crescimento econômico e do perfil financeiro dos bancos (que reflita seu perfil de risco). Como metodologia, utilizou-se a proposta de Arellano-Bond para controlar a endogeneidade entre o risco de crédito e o crescimento econômico, estimando-se a medida de perda esperada como produto final. Determinou-se que a cobertura por risco de crédito é adequada na Bolívia, demonstrando-se a aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta.
Downloads
Referências
Abrigo, Michael Ralph, e Inessa Love. 2016. “Estimation of Panel Vector Autoregression in Stata: A package of Programs”. Manoa: University of Hawaii at Manoa. https://bit.ly/33DDqnJ.
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson y James A. Robinson. 2005. “Los orígenes coloniales del desarrollo comparativo: una investigación empírica”. Revista de Economía Institucional 7 (13): 17-67. https://bit.ly/3c6EGne.
Arellano, Manuel, y Stephen Bond. 1991. “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”. Review of Economic Studies
(2): 277-297. https://bit.ly/3hEj2rp.
Arellano, Manuel, y Olympia Bover. 1995. “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-components Models”. Journal of Econometrics 68 (1): 29-51. https://bit.ly/2Ec4X6Z.
Aver, Bostjan. 2008. “An empirical Analysis of Credit Risk Factors of the Slovenian Banking System”. Managing Global Transitions 6 (3): 317-334. https://bit.ly/2RCybz4.
Ayyagari, Meghana, Thorsten Beck y María Martínez-Peria. 2017. “Credit Growth and Macroprudential Policies: Preliminary Evidence on the Firm Level”. Basilea: BIS Papers.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. 2017. “Basel III: Finalising Post-crisis Reforms”. Bank for International Settlements. Basilea: https://bit.ly/2FI2uSD.
Başkaya, Yusuf, Julian di Giovanni, Sebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Jose-Luis Peydro y Mehmet Ulu. 2016. “Capital Flows, Credit Cycles and Macroprudential Policy”. Basilea: BIS Papers.
Bellotti, Anthony, y Jonathan Crook. 2009. “Credit Scoring with Macroeconomic Variables Using Survival Analysis”. Journal of the Operational Research Society 60 (12): 1699-1707. https://bit.ly/33F2iLH.
Berger, Allen, y Robert De Young. 1997. “Problem Loans and Cost efficiency in Commercial Banks”. Journal of Banking and Finance 21 (6): 849-870. https://bit.ly/2Fxcka1.
Blundell, Richard, y Stephen Bond. 1998. “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”. Journal of Econometrics 87: 115-143. https://bit.ly/3iNndms.
Bohachova, Olga. 2008. “The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Risks in the Banking Sector: A Cross-country Empirical Assessment”. IAW Discussion Papers 44. Tubinga:
Chen, Hsin-Hung, Ben-Chang Shia y Hsiu-Yu Lee. 2011. “A Comparative Analysis of Credit Risk Management Models for Banking Industry Using Simulation”. Applied Economics, Business and Development 208: 554-562. https://bit.ly/2F65GH6.
Choi, Woon Gyu. 2017. “Comments on “Household Credit in Asia-Pacific”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/3ksUV0W.
Crook, Jonathan, David Edelman y Lyn Thomas. 2007. “Recent Developments in Consumer Credit Risk Assessment”. European Journal of Operational Research 183: 1447-1465.
Deng, Yongheng. 2017 “Comments on Household Credit, Growth and Inequality in Malaysia: Does the Type of Credit Matter?”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/2Fxd92B.
Dionne, Georges. 2013. “Risk Management: History, Definition and Critique”. CIRRELT-2013-7. Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks. Québec: Logistic and Transportation. https://bit.ly/32Ga1Kf.
De Guimarães e Souza, Gustavo, y Carmem Feijó. 2011. “Credit Risk and Macroeconomic Interactions: Empirical Evidence from the Brazilian Banking System”. Modern Economy 2 (5): 910-929. https://bit.ly/3cdkmRg.
Esfahani, Salehi, y María Ramírez. 2003. “Institutions, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth”. Journal of Development Economics 70 (2): 443-477. https://bit.ly/3lQFYHp.
Fendoğlu, Salih. 2016. “Credit Cycles and Macroprudential Policy Framework in Emerging Countries”. Basilea: BIS Papers, Macroprudential Policy 86. https://bit.ly/2FwdGBS.
Finlay, Steven. 2009. “Credit Scoring for Profitability Objectives”. European Journal of Operational Research 202: 528-537. https://bit.ly/3hCxOip.
Greene, William. 1998. “Sample Selection in Credit Scoring Models”. Japan and the World Economy 10 (3): 317-320. https://bit.ly/2FRZDpG.
Gurný, Petr, y Martin Gurný. 2013. “Comparison of Credit Scoring Models on Probability of Default Estimation for US banks”. Prague Economic Papers 22: 163-181. https://bit.ly/2Ec8W3r.
Heckman, James. 1979. “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error”. Econometrica 47 (1): 156-162. https://bit.ly/2ZIz7X9.
Hoggarth, Glenn. 2017. “Comments on ‘Foreign Banks and Credit Conditions in EMES’ ”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/3kwJmWz.
Jakubík, Petr. 2007. “Macroeconomic Environment and Credit Risk”. Czech Journal of Economics and Finance 57 (1-2): 60-78. https://bit.ly/35IFddT.
Kattai, Rasmus. 2010. “Credit Risk Model for the Estonian Banking Sector”. Tallin: Bank of Estonia. https://bit.ly/35O79gC.
Lessman, Stefan, Bart Baesens, Hain-Vonn Seow y Lyn Thomas. 2015. “Benchmarking State-of-the-art Classification Algorithms for Credit Scoring: An Update of Research”. European
Journal of Operational Research 247 (1): 124-136. https://bit.ly/2ZIAyF1.
McGuire, Patrick, y Torsten Ehlers. 2017. “Foreign Banks and Credit Conditions in EMES”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/2RBbtHJ.
Nkusu, Mwanza. 2011. “Nonperforming Loans and Macrofinancial Vulnerabilities in Advanced Economies”. Washington D. C: FMI. https://bit.ly/35KLy8u.
Pak-Wing, Tom, y Chun-shan Wong. 2008. “Stress Testing Banks’ Credit Risk Using Mixture Vector Autoregressive Models”. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Monetary Authority.
Park, Jaeh-Ha. 2017. “Comments on Credit Growth and Macroprudential Policies: Preliminary Evidence on the Firm Level”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/3iHmy5D.
Ravalo, Johnny. 2017. “Credit Build-up and Financial Stability Issues: Do We Know Enough to Calibrate Appropriate Intervention?”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/3iHUK1c.
Rocha, María, Joao Gama y Elísio Brandao. 2013. “Introducing Time-changing Economics Into Credit Scoring”. https://bit.ly/2RC7n1R.
Salas, Vicente, y Jesús Saurina. 2002. “Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Saving Banks”. Journal of Financial Services Research 22 (3): 203-224.
Santos, Tano. 2015. “Credit Booms: Implications for the Public and the Private Sector”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/2Hd272P.
Schularick, Moritz, e Ilhyock Shim. 2017. “Household Credit in Asia-Pacific”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/2RDfpru.
Soh, Jiaming, Amanda Chong y Kue-Peng Chuah. 2017. “Household Credit, Growth and Inequality in Malaysia: Does the Type of Credit Matter?”. Basilea: BIS Papers. https://bit.ly/3ktySHc.
Tomas, Lyn. 2010. “Consumer Finance: Challenges for Operational Research”. Journal of the Operational Research Society 61: 41-52. https://bit.ly/2ZNGPzo.
Torrico, Sergio. 2014. “Macro Credit Scoring como propuesta para cuantificar el riesgo de crédito”. Investigación & Desarrollo 15 (2): 42-63. https://bit.ly/2ZNFbxH.
Wickens, Michael. 2011. “A DSGE Model of Banks and Financial Intermediation with Default risk”. CEPR: Londres. https://bit.ly/2RyWSfQ.
Windmeijer, Frank. 2005. “A Finite Sample Correction for the Variance of Linear Efficient Two-step GMM Estimators”. Journal of Econometrics 126: 25-51. https://bit.ly/2ZQI3d8.